Sources can include the following: MI6 is often thought to use human intelligence to operate in different countries or Britain itself to protect the country from global affairs. In some cases, automated analysis is performed in real time on automated data traffic. Photointerpreters generally maintain catalogs of munitions factories, military bases and crate designs in order to interpret munition shipments and inventories. Strategic intelligence is information that is needed to formulate policy and military plans at … The use within law enforcement and law enforcement intelligence is not scaled to its use in general intelligence or military/naval intelligence, being more narrowed in scope. This categorization of intelligence was first theorized by developmental psychologist Howard Gardner in his 1983 book, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences.. This relates to a whole theatre of war or a country, its intentions and capabilities. First, general media and sources are screened to locate items or groups of interest, and then their location, capabilities, inputs and environment are systematically assessed for vulnerabilities using a continuously-updated list of typical vulnerabilities. Warning Intelligence A significant type of intelligence, usually ignored because of its similarity to current intelligence, is data intended to warn policymakers of sudden major developments, such as the outbreak of wars, military coups, or comparable crises. They approve some basic action, and then professional military personnel plan the detailed act and carry it out. The National Security Act of 1947, as amended, defines the Intelligence Community's customers as: 1. Tactical intelligence is focused on support to operations at the tactical level and would be attached to the battlegroup. The director of central intelligence employs a national intelligence officer (NIO) for warning who is specifically responsible for this function. [citation needed]. Their theory holds that an individual’s overall intelligence is a result of different skills … The analysis reports are used to inform the remaining planning staff, influencing planning and seeking to predict adversary intent. The intelligence cycle is the process through which intelligence is obtained, produced, and made available to users. "List of intelligence gathering disciplines", Learn how and when to remove this template message, Human intelligence (intelligence gathering), Airborne electro-optical missile tracking MASINT, Optical measurement of nuclear explosions, Effects of ionizing radiation on materials, Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) MASINT, Foreign instrumentation signals intelligence, Counterintelligence and counter-terrorism organizations, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_intelligence_gathering_disciplines&oldid=941796081, Articles needing additional references from April 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 February 2020, at 19:04. Strategic intelligence is concerned with broad issues such as economics, political assessments, military capabilities and intentions of foreign nations (and, increasingly, non-state actors). The operational tier is below the strategic level of leadership and refers to the design of practical manifestation. Once ready stocks of weapons and fuel are depleted, logistic concerns are often exported to civilian policy-makers. Intelligence should respond to the needs of leadership, based on the military objective and operational plans. Also, much public information in a nation may be unavailable from outside the country. Human intelligence is derived from human sources. Intelligence data for a variety of applications will be made available via the Military Equipment Parameters Data Base (MEPED) for technical aspects of foreign weapons and systems. Military Intelligence Degrees. Critical vulnerabilities are then indexed in a way that makes them easily available to advisors and line intelligence personnel who package this information for policy-makers and war-fighters. "[4] It aligns with the Operational Level of Warfare, defined as "The level of warfare at which campaigns and major operations are planned, conducted, and sustained to achieve strategic objectives within theaters or other operational areas."[4]. Analysts and codebreakers, your career begins here. Signals intelligence (SIGINT) are gathered from interception of signals. Black Five.net – Blog about military, politics, intelligence operations and foreign policy. The intelligence cycle is a process of collecting information and developing it into intelligence for use by IC customers. Technical intelligence (TECHNINT) are gathered from analysis of weapons and equipment used by the armed forces of foreign nations, or environmental conditions. It is also common for diplomatic and journalistic personnel to have a secondary goal of collecting military intelligence. Those pursuing an Intelligence Officer position are required to attend Officer Candidate School (OCS) in Newport, RI. The first is strategic intelligence, general information about the enemy and the world in general. This includes not only broadcasts of national and local radio and television, but also local military traffic, radar emissions and even microwaved telephone and telegraph traffic, including satellite traffic. Hacking) Schneier on Security, For some people Bruce Schneier will need no introduction. For example, the population, ethnic make-up and main industries of a region are extremely important to military commanders, and this information is usually public. The U.S. in particular is known to maintain satellites that can intercept cell-phone and pager traffic, usually referred to as the ECHELON system. For example, in modern mechanized warfare, the logistics chain for a military unit's fuel supply is often the most vulnerable part of a nation's order of battle. Cyber or digital network intelligence (CYBINT or DNINT) are gathered from cyberspace. The process of intelligence has four phases: collection, analysis, processing and dissemination. This page was last edited on 20 December 2020, at 20:19. Cambridge University Press, 1990. However, human intelligence is often the only form of intelligence that provides information about an opponent's intentions and rationales, and it is therefore often uniquely valuable to successful negotiation of diplomatic solutions. Medical. The processed intelligence information is disseminated through database systems, intel bulletins and briefings to the different decision-makers. This is intelligence gained from studying every aspect of foreign natural and man-made environments that could affect the health of military forces. military attachés); Espionage clandestine reporting, access agents, couriers, cutouts The Coast Guard at War: Volume XII: Intelligence. f. These patrols are then debriefed to elicit information for analysis and communication through the reporting chain. RAND has examined how nations successfully collect intelligence, how the U.S. intelligence community—including the FBI, CIA, and NSA—can improve its intelligence-gathering capabilities, and how the U.S. military can make better use of its … How Does SWOT Analysis work? This revised edition of JP 2-0, Joint Intelligence, reflects the current guidance for conducting joint and multinational intelligence activities across the range of military operations. SWOT analysis allows us to e… In the U.S. military, Joint Publication 2-0 (JP 2-0) states: "The six categories of intelligence operations are: planning and direction; collection; processing and exploitation; analysis and production; dissemination and integration; and evaluation and feedback.". Heads of Departments and Agencies of the Executive Branch 4. Technology has allowed the military to rely less on human intelligence, or HUMINT, which puts the lives of spies and operators on the ground at risk, and procure aerial systems that provide myriad levels of intelligence. The Intelligence Cycle is a concept that describes the general intelligence process in both a civilian or military intelligence agency or in law enforcement. Raw HUMINT is disseminated to the Intelligence Community, including analysts in the CIA’s Directorate of Intelligence and U.S. Military officers in the field. Coast Guard (Dec 1996), pp. Imagery Intelligence (IMINT) is sometimes also referred to as photo intelligence (PHOTINT). For example, nuclear threats between the USSR and the U.S. were analyzed in real time by continuously on-duty staffs. [2] The Intelligence Cycle. Military Intelligence lieutenant colonels should seek the opportunity for joint qualification, intelligence broadening assignments, as well as professional development through progressive assignments. This information can be used not only to predict the medical weaknesses of an enemy but also to … Where gaps in knowledge exist, the staff may be able to task collection assets to target the requirement. Strategic Intelligence is formally defined as "intelligence required for the formation of policy and military plans at national and international levels", and corresponds to the Strategic Level of Warfare, which is formally defined as "the level of warfare at which a nation, often as a member of a Military intelligence has been essential in many wars and battles in U.S. history. Be the eyes and ears of the Army with a career in Signals Intelligence. This is a basic source of intelligence. Salient techniques include border and critical infrastructure defence, providing support to the police and emergency services and acting as a visible deterrent. 24–25. Whatever your circumstances are, you can combine all three forms to arrive at an optimal solution. In the United Kingdom these are known as direction, collection, processing and dissemination. In evaluating their suitability and effectiveness as policy instruments, it is helpful to contextualise them within five simple categories(loosely derived from (Hughes, 2011, pp. The process of intelligence has four phases: collection, analysis, processing and dissemination. In the 21st century, knowledge is as vital as firepower to winning a war. Many of the most important facts are well known or may be gathered from public sources. SWOT analysis provides different ‘lenses’ intelligence analysts and highlights factors that we could exploit as well as consideration for our own vulnerabilities also. In response to the information requirements, analysts examine existing information, identifying gaps in the available knowledge. Intelligence is broken down into nine different types, also called the nine domains of intelligence. Congress Military Intelligence (35): Army Commissioned Officer provides the commander with all-source intelligence assessments and estimates at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels dealing with enemy capabilities, intentions, vulnerabilities, effects of terrain and weather on operations, and predicts enemy courses of action. Strategic intelligence is of a yet bigger scale. Washington, DC: Historical Section, Public Information Division, U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, January 1, 1949. This process is described as Collection Co-ordination and Intelligence Requirement Management (CCIRM). Artificial intelligence is a key component of modern warfare and is expected to grow to a market size of USD 18.82 billion by 2025. ", Operational intelligence is focused on support or denial of intelligence at operational tiers. Personnel performing intelligence duties may be selected for their analytical abilities and personal intelligence before receiving formal training. Measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) are gathered from an array of signatures (distinctive characteristics) of fixed or dynamic target sources. Warning Intelligence A significant type of intelligence, usually ignored because of its similarity to current intelligence, is data intended to warn policymakers of sudden major developments, such as the outbreak of wars, military coups, or comparable crises. In fact, all types of intelligence interrelate with each other. Packaging threats and vulnerabilities for decision-makers is a crucial part of military intelligence. As an Army Military Intelligence Officer, you’ll be responsible for all collected intelligence during Army missions. Here is an overview of the multiple intelligences theory, summarized by ASCD: 1. More exotic secret information, such as encryption keys, diplomatic message traffic, policy and orders of battle are usually restricted to analysts on a need-to-know basis in order to protect the sources and methods from foreign traffic analysis. Tactical Intelligence is formally defined as "intelligence required for the planning and conduct of tactical operations", and corresponds with the Tactical Level of Warfare, itself defined as "the level of warfare at which battles and engagements are planned and executed to achieve military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces". A variety of intelligence organizations help to meet these needs. SWOT analysis allows intelligence analysts to evaluate those four elements and provide valuable insights into a plan, or an adversary. A great deal of useful intelligence can be gathered from photointerpretation of detailed high-altitude pictures of a country. Military Intelligence lieutenant colonels serve at multiple echelons and types of positions throughout their tenure. What is SWOT Analysis? Operational intelligence, in the discipline of law enforcement intelligence, is concerned primarily with identifying, targeting, detecting and intervening in criminal activity. Collection of read materials, composition of units or elements, disposition of strength, training, tactics, personalities (leaders) of these units and elements contribute to the overall intelligence value after careful analysis. OSINT can be further segmented by the source type: Internet/General, Scientific/Technical, and various HUMINT specialties, e.g. Since maps also have valuable civilian uses, these agencies are often publicly associated or identified as other parts of the government. Sources can include the following: Advisors or foreign internal defense (FID) personnel working with host nation (HN) forces or populations; Diplomatic reporting by accredited diplomats (e.g. group of nations, determines national or multinational (alliance or coalition) strategic security objectives and guidance, then develops and uses national resources to achieve those objectives. Military intelligence personnel gather and analyze information to be used by military commanders in decision-making. Intelligence operations are carried out throughout the hierarchy of political and military activity. A good intelligence officer will also ask a fairly large number of questions in order to help anticipate needs. Formally defined as "Intelligence that is required for planning and conducting campaigns and major operations to accomplish strategic objectives within theaters or operational areas. Producing military intelligence analysis is chiefly the responsibility of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), the intelligence elements of the military services and the Unified Commands, and tactical intelligence units organic to the fighting forces. Some historic counterintelligence services, especially in Russia and China, have intentionally banned or placed disinformation in public maps; good intelligence can identify this disinformation. In depicting this cycle, the United States Intelligence Community uses … There are three essential divisions of intelligence. Human intelligence, gathered by spies, is usually carefully tested against unrelated sources. Your ability to analyze information helps you encounter new problems. To perform routine tasks in the real world, you need to use both analytical intelligence and creative intelligence. Analysts generally look for the least defended or most fragile resource that is necessary for important military capabilities. This game of Chinese Whispers let the Swedes help their Norwegian neighbors while maintaining every sign of neutrality. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and senior military commanders 5. Check out their daily photo’s, and military motivators also. "Defense intelligence" redirects here. U.S. SIGINT satellites are designed and built by the National Reconnaissance Office, although conducting U.S. signals intelligence activities is primarily the responsibility of the National Security Agency (NSA). For an important policy-maker, the intelligence officer will have a staff to which research projects can be assigned. In the modern era this may not just be related to military power but also economic power or intelligence relating to specific resources such as oil, minerals and even in the 21st century access to bio fuels. This vital keystone publication form s the core of joint intelligence doctrine and In contrast, analysis of tank or army deployments are usually triggered by accumulations of fuel and munitions, which are monitored every few days. In Psychology, there are two types of intelligence, as identified by American psychologists Raymond Cattell and John Horn: fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence. HUMINT can be used in its raw form to make decisions on the battlefield, or more often, HUMINT, along with other types of intelligence (SIGINT, IMINT, etc. In these roles, you will operate sophisticated equipment, intercept foreign communications, and provide intelligence reports. According to the Air Force Institute of Technology's Center for MASINT Studies and Research, MASINT is split into six major disciplines: electro-optical, nuclear, radar, geophysical, materials, and radiofrequency.[1]. The role of the military i… The term operation intelligence is used within law enforcement to refer to intelligence that supports long-term investigations into multiple, similar targets. Measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) are gathered from an array of signatures (distinctive characteristics) of fixed or dynamic target sources. The 9 Types of Intelligence. Military intelligence is a military discipline that uses information collection and analysis approaches to provide guidance and direction to assist commanders in their decisions. The bulletins may also include consequently resulting information requirements and thus conclude the intelligence cycle. It is however imperative that the collector of information understands that what is collected is "information", and does not become intelligence until after an analyst has evaluated and verified this information. SWOT analysis is used to identify the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of a Person, Group, or Organisation. Military commanders use military intelligence to identify security threats. In some extraordinary cases, undersea or land-based cables have been tapped as well. According to the Air Force Institute of Technology's Center for MASINT Studies and Research, MASINT is split into six major disciplines: electro-optical, nuclear, radar, geophysical, materials, and radiofrequency. Until the technical revolution of the mid to latetwentieth century, HUMINT the primary so… Problems with a closed loop include an overall process that is no better than its weakest component and stove piping. This is a list of intelligence gathering disciplines. In some intelligence organizations, analysis follows a procedure. Information requirements may be related to terrain and impact on vehicle or personnel movement, disposition of hostile forces, sentiments of the local population and capabilities of the hostile order of battle. For western democracies, it is extremely rare for journalists to be paid by an official intelligence service, but they may still patriotically pass on tidbits of information they gather as they carry on their legitimate business. The military and civilian intelligence capabilities collaborate to inform the spectrum of political and military activities. It is commonplace for the intelligence services of large countries to read every published journal of the nations in which it is interested, and the main newspapers and journals of every nation. Analysis of bulk traffic is normally performed by complex computer programs that parse natural language and phone numbers looking for threatening conversations and correspondents. [2] Intelligence activities are conducted at all levels, from tactical to strategic, in peacetime, the period of transition to war, and during a war itself. In a real sense, these are threats and opportunities. Financial intelligence (FININT) are gathered from analysis of monetary transactions. To thepublic, HUMINT remains synonymous with espionage and clandestineactivities, yet, in reality, most HUMINT collection is performedby overt collectors such as diplomats and military attaches.HUMINT is the oldest method for collecting information about aforeign power. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and senior military commanders; Congress; Types of Intelligence. You’ll provide essential information that … Developing a plan of attack is not the responsibility of intelligence, though it helps an analyst to know the capabilities of common types of military units. 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